WERE THE SEPTEMBER 11 ATTACKS A FAILURE? Let's seriously entertain that possibility. First, there's some evidence that there were several more hijackings planned, but foiled by the swift grounding of commercial flights that morning. (Who was the quick-thinking person who made that decision and gave that order? I've seen nothing on that.) And had the United Airlines Flight 93 aircraft aimed at the White House, or Capitol (I think the latter, but I've seen mixed accounts) not been crashed by the passengers, the level of damage would have been much higher, both materially and psychologically. Had these efforts succeeded, things might have been much worse.
But the failure is on a bigger level. Unless this was just the biggest stock-manipulation scam in history, the goal, presumably, was to leave the United States either paralyzed, or blindly lashing out in ways that would isolate the West from the Islamic world and perhaps pave the way for fundamentalist extremists to take over one or more Arab governments. (Saudi Arabia and Egypt are the most likely candidates; Algeria is another possibility). Instead, the Taliban government, the most reliably extremist government in the Islamic world, is in serious trouble, and Western governments that have sheltered, or at least ignored, radical Islamists are rounding them up, Arab governments are using this as an excuse to crack down on fundamentalists they don't like a lot anyway, and -- this is a point made by Barney Frank -- the United States is now over this whole third-world guilt thing.
The United States is now anything but paralyzed, and in fact seems to have been galvanized into a far more serious, self-confident, and assertive state of mind. Instead of treating Islamist extremists as minor irritants and B-movie stereotypes, it has made their extermination a top priority. (Even liberals like Tom Friedman are on board). Had these attacks been made purely on military targets -- say, CIA Headquarters and the Pentagon -- the reaction would be strong, but not nearly as strong as the World Trade Center attack made it. This is an error in planning that will likely prove catastrophic, brought on by the planners' ignorance of American culture.
Worse still in many ways, from the attackers' standpoint, Americans are beginning to take a serious interest in Islam, and to realize the importance of waging cultural war against the extremists' views. Given the power of American culture, this should be a daunting prospect. All told, this scenario should surely count as the terrorists' worst nightmare. Which is why, I think, the September 11 attacks must be reckoned a failure. Destructive as they were in New York and Washington, they will generate a "blowback" that will be far more destructive to their planners.
That blowback exists largely because they have completely misunderstood American psychology. Given that American policymakers are regularly faulted for failing to understand other cultures, it's worth noticing that such misunderstandings work both ways.